PCB Technical - Five layout requirements for PCB circuit board components

Reasonable layout of PCB circuit board components in SMT processing is the basic prerequisite for designing high-quality PCB diagrams. The requirements for component layout mainly include installation, force, heat, signal, and aesthetic requirements.

1. Installation

Refers to a series of basics proposed in order to smoothly install the circuit board into the chassis, shell, and slot in a specific application, without space interference, short-circuit and other accidents, and to place the designated connector in the designated position on the chassis or shell. Require.

2. Force

The circuit board in the patch processing should be able to withstand various external forces and vibrations during installation and work. For this reason, the circuit board should have a reasonable shape, and the positions of various holes (screw holes, special-shaped holes) on the board should be arranged reasonably. Generally, the distance between the hole and the edge of the board should be at least greater than the diameter of the hole. At the same time, it should be noted that the weakest section of the plate caused by the special-shaped hole should also have sufficient bending strength. The connectors that directly "extend" from the device shell on the board must be reasonably fixed to ensure long-term reliability.

3. Heated

For high-power devices with severe heat generation, in addition to ensuring heat dissipation conditions, they must also be placed in appropriate locations. Especially in sophisticated analog systems, special attention should be paid to the adverse effects of the temperature field generated by these devices on the fragile preamplifier circuit. Generally, the part with very large power should be made into a module separately, and certain thermal isolation measures should be taken between the signal processing circuit and the signal processing circuit.

4. Signal

Signal interference is the most important factor to be considered in PCB layout design. The most basic aspects are: the weak signal circuit is separated or even isolated from the strong signal circuit; the AC part is separated from the DC part; the high frequency part is separated from the low frequency part; pay attention to the direction of the signal line; the layout of the ground line; proper shielding and filtering And other measures.

5. Beautiful

It is not only necessary to consider the neat and orderly placement of components, but also the beautiful and smooth wiring. Because ordinary laymen sometimes emphasize the former more in order to one-sidedly evaluate the pros and cons of the circuit design, for the image of the product, the former should be given priority when the performance requirements are not harsh. However, in high-performance occasions, if you have to use a double-sided board, and the circuit board is also encapsulated in it, and it is usually invisible, the aesthetics of the wiring should be emphasized first.