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No matter what software is used, there is a general procedure for PCB design. It will save time and effort to follow the order, so I will introduce it according to the production process. (Because the Protel interface style is close to the windows window, the operating habits are also similar, and it has a powerful simulation function, and there are more people who use it. This software will be used as an explanation.)
Schematic design is the preliminary work. It is often seen that beginners just go to draw the PCB board in order to save trouble. This will outweigh the gain. For simple boards, if you are proficient in the process, you can skip it. But for beginners, you must follow the process, so that on the one hand, you can develop good habits, and on the other hand, the only way to avoid mistakes for complex circuits.
As an electronic engineer designing a circuit is a necessary hard work, but no matter how perfect the principle design is, if the circuit board design is unreasonable, the performance will be greatly reduced, and it may even not work properly in severe cases. Based on my experience, I have summarized the following points that should be paid attention to in PCB design, hoping to give you some enlightenment.
No matter what software is used, there is a general procedure for PCB design. It will save time and effort to follow the order, so I will introduce it according to the production process. (Because the Protel interface style is close to the windows window, the operating habits are also similar, and it has a powerful simulation function, and there are more people who use it. This software will be used as an explanation.)
Schematic design is the preliminary work. It is often seen that beginners just go to draw the PCB board in order to save trouble. This will outweigh the gain. For simple boards, if you are proficient in the process, you can skip it. But for beginners, you must follow the process, so that on the one hand, you can develop good habits, and on the other hand, the only way to avoid mistakes for complex circuits.
When drawing a schematic diagram, pay attention to the various files to be connected as a whole in the hierarchical design, which is also of great significance for future work. Due to differences in software, some software may appear to be connected but not actually connected (in terms of electrical performance). If you don’t use related testing tools, in case something goes wrong, it’s too late to find out when the board is ready. Therefore, the importance of doing things in order has been repeatedly emphasized, and I hope to attract everyone's attention.
The PCB schematic diagram is based on the designed project, as long as the electrical connection is correct, there is nothing to say. Below we focus on the problems in the specific board-making procedures.
L, make a physical frame
The closed physical frame is a basic platform for the future component layout and wiring, and it also plays a constraining effect on the automatic layout. Otherwise, the components coming from the schematic will be at a loss. But you must pay attention to accuracy here, otherwise installation problems in the future may be troublesome. In addition, it is best to use arcs at the corners. On the one hand, it can avoid sharp corners from scratching workers, and at the same time, it can reduce the effect of stress. In the past, one of my products always had the PCB board of the face shell broken during the transportation process, and it was just fine after switching to the arc.
2. The introduction of components and networks
It should be very simple to draw the components and the network in the frame, but there are often problems here. You must carefully solve the errors one by one according to the prompts. Otherwise, it will take more effort. The problems here generally include the following:
The package form of the component can not be found, the component network problem, there are unused components or pins, these problems can be solved quickly by comparison.
3, the layout of components
The layout and wiring of the components have a great impact on the life, stability, and electromagnetic compatibility of the product, so special attention should be paid. Generally speaking, there should be the following principles:
3.l Placement order
First place the components related to the structure at a fixed position, such as power sockets, indicator lights, switches, connectors and the like. After these components are placed, use the LOCK function of the software to lock them so that they will not be moved by mistake in the future. Then place special components and large components on the circuit, such as heating components, transformers, ICs, etc. Finally, place the small device.
3.2 PCB layout pay attention to heat dissipation
The component layout should pay special attention to heat dissipation. For high-power circuits, the heating elements such as power tubes, transformers, etc. should be placed as close to the side as possible to facilitate heat dissipation. Do not concentrate in one place, and do not have high capacitors too close to avoid premature aging of the electrolyte.
