PCB Technical - Common pcb surface treatment methods

Processing PCB surface is the necessary knowledge for PCB circuit board manufacturers. The following are common PCB surface treatment methods

PCB circuit board manufacturers popularize common PCB surface treatment methods for you

1. Hot air leveling

The process of coating molten tin-lead solder on the surface of the PCB and flattening (flattening) with heated compressed air makes it form a coating layer that is resistant to copper oxidation and provides good solderability. During hot air leveling, the solder and copper form a copper-tin metal compound at the junction, and the thickness is about 1 to 2 mils;

2. Electroless nickel gold

A thick layer of nickel-gold alloy with good electrical properties is wrapped on the copper surface and can protect the PCB for a long time. Unlike OSP, which is only used as an anti-rust barrier layer, it can be useful in the long-term use of PCB and achieve good electrical performance. In addition, it also has tolerance to the environment that other surface treatment processes do not have;

3. Organic anti-oxidation

On the clean bare copper surface, an organic film is grown chemically. This layer of film has anti-oxidation, heat shock resistance, and moisture resistance to protect the copper surface from rusting (oxidation or sulfidation, etc.) in a normal environment; at the same time, it must be easily assisted in the subsequent welding high temperature The flux is quickly removed to facilitate welding;

4. Chemical Immersion Silver

Between OSP and electroless nickel/immersion gold, the process is simpler and faster. When exposed to heat, humidity and pollution, it can still provide good electrical performance and maintain good solderability, but it will lose its luster. Because there is no nickel under the silver layer, immersion silver does not have the good physical strength of electroless nickel/immersion gold;

5. Electroplated nickel gold

The conductor on the PCB surface is electroplated with a layer of nickel and then electroplated with a layer of gold. The main purpose of nickel plating is to prevent the diffusion between gold and copper. There are two types of electroplated nickel gold: soft gold plating (pure gold, gold indicates that it does not look bright) and hard gold plating (the surface is smooth and hard, wear-resistant, contains cobalt and other elements, and the surface looks brighter). Soft gold is mainly used for gold wire during chip packaging; hard gold is mainly used for electrical interconnection in non-soldering places (such as gold fingers)

6. PCB circuit boardmixed surface treatment technology

Choose two or more surface treatment methods for surface treatment. The common forms are: Immersion Nickel Gold + Anti-oxidation, Electroplating Nickel Gold + Immersion Nickel Gold, Electroplating Nickel Gold + Hot Air Leveling, Immersion Nickel Gold + Hot Air Leveling . Hot air leveling (lead-free/leaded) is the most common and cheaper treatment method among all circuit board surface treatment methods, but please pay attention to the EU's RoHS regulations.

PCB circuit board surface treatment technology is very important, PCB circuit board should pay attention to the training and regular training of employees.