PCB Technical - PCB circuit board short circuit

PCB circuit board short circuit

Short circuit of PCB circuit board is a very common problem in the production of circuit board. There are generally two situations when a short circuit occurs. One is that the PCB board has reached a certain service life. The second situation is that the inspection work in the production of PCB circuit boards is not in place. However, these small mistakes in the production of circuit boards may cause components to burn out, which is very harmful to the entire PCB board, and is likely to cause scrap. Therefore, it is extremely important to inspect and control it during the production process. So what are the common types of PCB short circuit? What are the points that we need to pay attention to when checking the circuit board short circuit in PCB circuit board production?

1. Common types of circuit board short circuits

1. Short circuit can be divided into: welding short circuit (such as: tin connection),PCB circuit board short circuit (such as residual copper, hole bias, etc.), short circuit in the inner layer of the circuit board, device short circuit, assembly short circuit, ESD/EOS Breakdown, electrochemical short circuit (such as: chemical residue, electromigration), short circuit caused by other reasons.

2. According to the wiring characteristics, the short circuit can be classified as: line-to-line short-circuit, line-to-surface (layer) short-circuit, and face-to-face (layer-to-layer) short circuit.

Two, the circuit board short circuit inspection needs to pay attention to these points

1. Open the PCB board design drawing on the computer, light up the short-circuited network, and see where is the nearest, the easiest to connect to. Pay special attention to the short circuit inside the IC.

2. If it is manual welding, develop a good habit:

1. Check the PCB circuit board visually before soldering, and use a multimeter to check whether the key circuits (especially the power supply and the ground) are short-circuited.

2. Do not throw the soldering iron randomly when soldering. If you throw the solder onto the solder feet of the chip (especially surface mount components), it will not be easy to find.

3. Use a multimeter to check whether the power supply and ground are short-circuited every time a chip is soldered.

3. A short circuit is found. Take a board to cut the line (especially suitable for single/double-layer boards). After the line is cut, each part of the functional block is energized and eliminated step by step.

4. Use short-circuit location analysis instrument. Common ones are: Singapore PROTEQCB2000 short-circuit tracker, Hong Kong Lingzhi Technology QT50 short-circuit tracker, British POLARtoneOhm950 multi-layer circuit short-circuit detector and so on.

5. Check the method of increasing the current: use low-voltage and high-current, below 5V, 3-5A high current, under normal circumstances, the location of heat is a short circuit. However, this has a lower risk and is generally not used.

6. If there is a BGA chip, since all the solder joints are covered by the chip and cannot be seen, and it is a PCB multi-layer board(above 4 layers), it is best to separate the power supply of each chip during the design, using magnetic beads or 0 The ohmic resistance is connected, so that when the power supply and the ground are short-circuited, the magnetic bead detection is disconnected, and it is easy to locate a certain chip. Because the welding of BGA is very difficult, if it is not automatically welded by the machine, a little carelessness will short-circuit the adjacent power supply and the ground two solder balls.

7. Be careful when welding small-size surface-mount capacitors, especially power supply filter capacitors (103 or 104), which are large in number, which can easily cause a short circuit between the power supply and the ground. Of course, sometimes with bad luck, the capacitor itself is short-circuited, so the best way is to test the capacitor before welding.