PCB News - Common problems in PCBA processing

Common problems in PCBA processing
The Internet era has broken the traditional marketing model, and a large number of resources have been gathered together to the greatest extent through the Internet, which has also accelerated the development speed of FPC flexible circuit boards, and then as the development speed accelerates, environmental problems will continue to appear in PCB factories. In front of him. However, with the development of the Internet, environmental protection and environmental informatization have also been developed by leaps and bounds. Environmental information data centers and green electronic procurement are gradually being applied to the actual production and operation fields.
1. Short circuit
Refers to the phenomenon of joining between two independent adjacent solder joints after soldering. The cause is that the solder joints are too close, the parts are arranged improperly, the soldering direction is incorrect, the soldering speed is too fast, the flux coating is insufficient, and Poor solderability of parts, poor solder paste coating, excessive solder paste, etc.

2. Empty welding

There is no tin on the tin trench, and the parts and the substrate are not welded together. The reasons for this situation are unclean welding trenches, high feet, poor solderability of parts, extravagant parts, improper dispensing operations, and overflow of glue in the welding trenches. The first class will cause empty welding. The PAD of the empty welded parts is mostly bright and smooth.

3. False welding

There is tin between the foot of the part and the welding trench, but it is actually not completely caught by the tin. Most of the reason is that rosin is contained in the solder joints or caused by it.

4. Cold welding

Also called undissolved tin, it is caused by insufficient flow soldering temperature or too short flow soldering time. Such a shortcoming can be improved by secondary flow soldering. The surface of the solder paste at cold solder joints is dark and mostly powdery.

5. Parts fall off

After the soldering operation, the parts are not in the proper position. The reasons for this are improper selection of glue material or improper glue dispensing operation, incomplete maturation of the glue material, excessive tin wave and too slow soldering speed, etc.

6. Missing parts

Parts that should be installed but not installed.

7. Damaged

The appearance of the parts is obviously broken, material defects, or process bumps are caused, or the parts are cracked during the soldering process. Insufficient preheating of parts and substrates, too fast cooling rate after soldering, etc., all contribute to the tendency of parts to crack.

8. Denudation

This phenomenon mostly occurs on passive parts. It is caused by poor plating treatment on the terminal part of the part. Therefore, when passing through the tin wave, the plating layer melts into the tin bath, causing the structure of the terminal to be damaged, and the solder does not adhere. Good, and higher temperature and longer soldering time will make the bad parts more serious. In addition, the general flow welding temperature is lower than wave welding, but the time is longer. Therefore, if the parts are not good, it will often cause erosion. The solution is to change the parts and control the flow welding temperature and time appropriately. The solder paste with silver content can inhibit the dissolution of the end of the part, and the operation is much more convenient than the change of the solder composition of wave soldering.

9. Tin Tip

The surface of the solder joints is not a smooth continuous surface, but has sharp protrusions. The possible causes of this are excessive soldering speed and insufficient flux coating.

10. Shaoxi

The amount of tin in the welded parts or parts feet is too small.

11. Tin ball (bead)

The amount of tin is spherical, on the PCB, part, or part foot. Poor quality of solder paste or storage for too long, unclean PCB, improper preheating, improper solder paste coating operation, and too long operation time in the steps of solder paste coating, preheating, and flow soldering are all likely to cause solder balls (beads).

12. Open circuit

The line should be turned on but not turned on.

13. Tombstone effect

This phenomenon is also a kind of open circuit, which is easy to occur on CHIP parts. The cause of this phenomenon is that during the soldering process, due to the different tensile forces between the different solder joints of the parts, one end of the part is tilted, and the tensile force at both ends is different. So the difference is related to the difference in the amount of solder paste, solderability and tin melting time.

14. Wick effect

This mostly occurs on PLCC parts. The reason for this is that the temperature of the part feet rises higher and faster during flow soldering, or the solder cut has poor solderability, which causes the solder paste to rise along the part feet after the solder paste melts., Resulting in insufficient solder joints. In addition, insufficient preheating or no preheating, and easier flow of solder paste, etc., will promote this phenomenon.

15. CHIP parts turn white

In the SMT process, the marked surface of the part value is soldered on the PCB upside down, and the part value cannot be seen but the part value is correct, which will not affect the function.

16. Reverse polarity/direction

The component is not placed in the specified orientation.

17. Shift

18. Too much or not enough glue:

19. Side Standing
Whenever you encounter any problems, you can contact the on-site customer service staff to reply to your emails or messages. From the moment you submit the Gerber file to the moment you receive the PCB and the assembled PCB, our service staff will follow up your order with satisfaction.