Electronic Design - ​Teach you hand in hand: how to make your PCB design better

Many people think that the work of PCB Layout is very boring. Every day, thousands of wires are routed to the board, various packages, and the work of pulling wires is repeated. However, designers have to make trade-offs between various design rules, taking into account performance, cost, craftsmanship, and other aspects, and also pay attention to the reasonable and neat layout of the board, which is not as simple as it seems, and requires more wisdom. Let's talk about how to develop some good working habits when designing, which will make your design more reasonable, easier to produce, and better performance.

(1) Draw the schematic diagram

Many engineers think that the layout work is more important. The schematic diagram is to generate a netlist to facilitate PCB inspection. In fact, the role of the schematic diagram will be greater in the subsequent circuit debugging process. Whether it is to find problems or communicate with colleagues, or the schematic diagram is more intuitive and convenient. In addition, develop the habit of labeling in the schematic diagram, and mark the problems that should be noticed during the layout of each part of the circuit on the schematic diagram, which is a good reminder for yourself or for others. Hierarchical schematic diagram, divide the circuit of different functions and different modules into different pages, so that whether it is to read the diagram or reuse it in the future, the workload can be significantly reduced. Using a mature design is always less risky than designing a new circuit. Every time I see all the circuits on a drawing, a densely packed device, my head can be bigger.

(2) Properly lay out the circuit

After the impatient engineer finished drawing the schematic and imported the netlist into the PCB, he couldn't wait to put the device in place and start pulling the wire. In fact, a good PCB layout can make your wire-drawing work easier and make your PCB work better. Each board will have a signal path, and the PCB layout should follow this signal path as much as possible so that the signal can be transmitted smoothly on the board. People don't like to walk through the maze, and the signal is the same. If the schematic is designed in accordance with the module, the PCB is the same. According to different functional modules, the board can be divided into several areas. Separate analog and digital, separate power supply signals, separate heating devices and susceptible devices, do not place larger devices too close to the edge of the board, pay attention to the shielding of radio frequency signals, etc.... Spend a little more time to optimize the PCB layout, you can Save more time when pulling the string.

(3) Learn to set rules

In fact, not only advanced PCB design software needs to set wiring rules, some simple and easy-to-use PCB tools can also set rules. After all, the human brain is not a machine, so it is inevitable that there will be negligence and mistakes. So set some easily overlooked problems into the rules, let the computer help us to check, try to avoid making some low-level mistakes. In addition, a complete rule setting can better regulate the subsequent work. The so-called sharpening of the knife does not accidentally chop wood, the more complex the scale of the board, the more important the rule setting becomes. Nowadays, many EDA tools have automatic wiring function. If the rules are set in sufficient detail, let the tools design it for you. Wouldn't it be more pleasant for you to have a cup of coffee by the side?

(4) The more you think about others, the less your own work

When doing PCB design, try to consider the needs of some end users as much as possible. For example, if you are designing a development board, you should consider placing more silk screen information when designing the PCB, so that it will be more convenient when you use it, and it will not be used to retrieve the schematic diagram or seek the support of the designer. If the design is a mass production product, then more consideration should be given to the problems encountered on the production line. Devices of the same type should have the same direction as possible, whether the device spacing is appropriate, the process edge width of the board, and so on. The earlier these issues are considered, the less they will affect the subsequent design, and the workload of subsequent support and the number of board changes can also be reduced. It seems that the time it takes to start the design has increased, but in fact it has reduced the amount of follow-up work. When the board space signal permits, try to place more test points to improve the testability of the board, so that it can also save more time in the subsequent debugging stage and provide more ideas for finding problems.

(5) Details determine success or failure

PCB design is a meticulous work, all it takes is carefulness and patience. The mistakes often made by newbies who are just starting to design are detailed errors. The device pin is wrong, the device package is used wrong, the pin sequence is reversed, etc. Some can be solved by flying leads, and some may make a board directly become a waste. When drawing the package, check it again and compare it with the actual device before printing the package. Take a look at it. Checking it again is not obsessive-compulsive disorder. It is just to avoid these low-level mistakes that are easy to make as much as possible. Otherwise, no matter how good the design is, the board is covered with flying lines, and it is far from excellent.

(6) Try to do simulation

Simulation is often something that PCB design engineers are unwilling to touch. Some people may say that even if I simulate, the actual PCB and simulation results will still be different, so why should I waste time doing simulation? Doesn't the boards I make without simulation work well? Right? This idea is very helpless. No problem with the design once or twice does not mean that there will be no problems in the future. Although the simulation results are different from the actual results, the simulation can show the correct trend of change, and we can make our own judgments based on the trend. There may be difficulties at the beginning, and it is normal for the simulation model to be confused about the simulation parameters. Just start, do it slowly, and accumulate slowly, and you will realize the importance of simulation. Before the completion of the board, determine the location of the problem in advance, and solve it in advance to avoid the occurrence of the problem. If you do too much simulation, you will fundamentally understand the cause of the problem, and it will be of great help to the improvement of your design ability.