PCB Technical - Equipment used in PCBA circuit board production

In the PCBA circuit board production process, a lot of machinery and equipment are needed to assemble a board. Often the quality level of a factory's machinery and equipment directly determines the manufacturing capacity.

The basic equipment required for PCBA production includes solder paste printer, placement machine, reflow soldering, AOI detector, component angle cutter, wave soldering, tin furnace, washing machine, ICT test fixture, FCT test fixture, Aging test racks, etc., PCBA circuit board processing plants of different sizes, the equipment equipped will have all the differences.

1. Solder Paste Printer

Modern solder paste printers generally consist of plate loading, solder paste addition, imprinting, and circuit board transfer. Its working principle is: first fix the circuit board to be printed on the printing positioning table, and then the solder paste or red glue is printed on the corresponding pad through the stencil by the left and right scrapers of the printer. The transfer station is input to the placement machine for automatic placement.

The cleaning process included in the solder paste printing machine includes: wiping the bottom of the solder paste printing machine, and offline cleaning of the solder paste stencil.

2. Mounter

Mounting machine: also known as "mounting machine", "Surface Mount System" (Surface Mount System), in the production line, it is configured after the solder paste printer, by moving the placement head to accurately mount the surface components A device placed on the PCB pad. Divided into two kinds of manual and automatic.

3. Reflow soldering

There is a heating circuit inside the reflow soldering, which heats air or nitrogen to a high enough temperature and blows it to the circuit board where the component has been attached, so that the solder on both sides of the component is melted and bonded to the motherboard. The advantage of this process is that the temperature is easy to control, oxidation can be avoided during the welding process, and the manufacturing cost is easier to control.

4. AOI automatic optical detector

AOI (Automatic Optic Inspection) stands for automatic optical inspection, which is an equipment that detects common defects encountered in welding production based on optical principles. AOI is a new type of testing technology that is emerging, but it is developing rapidly, and many manufacturers have launched AOI automatic optical inspection equipment.

During automatic inspection, the machine automatically scans the PCB through the camera, collects images, compares the tested solder joints with the qualified parameters in the database, after image processing, checks out the defects on the PCB, and displays/marks the defects through the display or automatic signs Come out and be repaired by maintenance personnel.

5. Component trimming machine

6. Wave soldering

7. Tin furnace

Generally speaking, tin furnace refers to a welding tool used in electronic welding. For discrete component circuit boards, the welding consistency is good, the operation is convenient, fast, and the work efficiency is high. It is a good helper for production and processing.

8. Plate washer (ultrasonic or through spray cleaning machine)

is used to clean the PCBA circuit board, which can remove the contaminants and residues on the board after soldering. Improve and guarantee the reliability of PCBA circuit boards.

10.FCT test fixture

FCT (Functional Test) It refers to the simulated operating environment (stimulus and load) provided to the test target board (UUT: Unit Under Test) to make it work in various design states, so as to obtain the parameters of each state to verify the UUT The function of the test method is good or bad. Simply put, it is to load a suitable stimulus to the UUT and measure whether the response of the output end meets the requirements.

11. Aging test stand

The burn-in test rack cantest PCBA boards in batches, and test out the PCBA boards with problems by waiting for a long time to simulate the user's operation.

12. The cleaning process includes

The bottom of the solder paste printer is wiped, the solder paste stencil cleaning, the red glue screen cleaning, the fixture carrier cleaning, the PCB circuit board cleaning, etc.