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PCB board is the abbreviation of PrintedCircuitBoard. The Chinese name is printed circuit board, also known as printed circuit board and printed circuit board. It is an important electronic component, a support for electronic components, and a provider of electrical connections for electronic components. It is made by electronic printing, so it is called "printed" circuit board.
The inventor of the printed circuit board was Paul Eisler, an Austrian, who used the printed circuit board in a radio device in 1936. In 1943, the Americans used the technology extensively in military radios. 1948 In 1991, the United States officially recognized this invention for commercial use. Since the mid-1950s, printed circuit board technology has only begun to be widely adopted.
Before the advent of printed circuit boards, the interconnection between electronic components was achieved by direct connection of wires. Nowadays, circuit panels only exist as effective experimental tools; printed circuit boards have occupied an absolute position in the electronics industry. Dominant position.
PCB circuit boards are classified according to the number of circuit layers: they are divided into single-sided, double-sided and multi-layer boards. Common multi-layer boards are generally 4-layer boards or 6-layer boards, and complex multi-layer boards can reach more than a dozen layers. Details can be viewed As described in the article "Basic knowledge of PCB circuit boards".
is classified according to soft and hard: divided into ordinary circuit boards and flexible PCBs.
PCB raw materials: copper clad laminate is the substrate material for making printed circuit boards. It is used to support various components and can achieve electrical connection or electrical insulation between them.
PCB is a printed circuit board (Printed circuit board, PCB board), which is simply a thin board on which integrated circuits and other electronic components are placed.
PCB circuit board cost calculation and quotation
First, the different materials used for PCB circuit boards cause the price diversity
Let's talk about double-sided boards. The sheet materials generally include FR-4, CEM-3, etc., the sheet thickness ranges from 0.6mm to 3.0mm, and the copper thickness varies from? Oz to 3 Oz. These sheets have caused a huge cost gap. In terms of solder mask inks, there is also a certain price difference between ordinary thermosetting oils and photosensitive green oils, so the difference in materials has caused the diversity of prices. About "How to calculate the cost of PCB boards?" This article has already Explained in detail, you can check it if you are interested.
Second, the difference in the production process used by the PCB causes the price diversity
Different production processes will cause different costs. For example, gold-plated boards and tin-sprayed boards, the production of gongs (milling) boards and beer (punching) boards, the use of silk-printed lines and dry film lines, etc. will cause different costs, resulting in prices Diversity.
Third, the price diversity caused by the difficulty of PCB itself
Even if the material is the same and the process is the same, the difficulty of the PCB itself will cause different costs. For example, there are 1000 holes on the two circuit boards, and the hole diameter of one board is greater than 0.6mm and the hole diameter of the other board is less than 0.6mm. Different drilling costs; for example, the two circuit boards are the same, but the line width and line spacing are different, one is greater than 0.2mm, and the other is less than 0.2mm, which will also cause different production costs, because of the difficult board scrap rate Higher, the inevitable cost will increase, which will lead to the diversity of prices
Fourth, different customer requirements will also cause different prices
The level of customer requirements will directly affect the production rate of the board factory., Which finally leads to volatile product prices.
Fifth, the price diversity caused by different PCB manufacturers
Even if the same product, because of different manufacturers' process equipment and technical level, different costs will be formed. Nowadays, many manufacturers like to produce gold-plated plates because of the simple process and low cost. However, some manufacturers produce gold-plated plates, and the scrap will increase. As a result of increased costs, they prefer to produce tin-sprayed panels, so their quotation for tin-sprayed panels is lower than that of gold-plated panels.
Sixth, price differences caused by different payment methods
Generally, PCB prices are adjusted according to different payment methods, ranging from 5% to 10%, which also causes price differences.
Seventh, the diversity of prices caused by different regions
At present, in terms of geographic location in China, from south to north, the price is increasing. There are certain differences in prices in different regions. Therefore, different regions also cause the diversity of prices. How to calculate the PCB quotation!
Process cost:
1, it depends on the circuit on the PCB, if the wire density is thin (below 4/4mm), the price will be calculated separately
2, there is a BGA on the board, so the cost will rise relatively, and in some places, how much is the BGA?
3. It depends on the surface treatment process. Our common ones are: spraying lead tin (hot air leveling), OSP (environmental protection board), spraying pure tin, tin, silver, gold, etc., of course, the surface technology is different. The price will also be different.
4. It depends on the process standard; what we commonly use is: IPC2 level, but customer requirements will be higher. (such as Japanese) Our common ones are: IPC2, IPC3, enterprise standards, military standards, etc., of course, the higher the standard, The price will be higher.
Every PCB sold in the PCB industry is customized by the customer. Therefore, the quotation of the PCB board needs to be cost-calculated first. At the same time, it also needs to refer to the automatic layout calculation of the PCB computer, and the material utilization rate of the layout on the standard size copper clad laminate is determined. Comprehensive quotation.
The cost calculation of the PCB industry is the most special and complex of all industries. From cutting, pressing, forming, to FQC, packaging, and finishing storage, it needs to be based on the material costs, labor costs, and manufacturing costs invested in each process. Perform step-by-step accounting, and then accumulate the cost in batches according to the order product number. And for different types of products, the standard rate of the process will be different. For some products such as blind buried vias, immersion gold boards, and copper seat boards, Due to the particularity of the process or all materials, some special calculation methods must be used for this. Similarly, the size of the drill nozzle used in the drilling process will also affect the cost of the product, which directly affects the cost of WIP and scrap. Calculation and evaluation.
PCB board design and wiring rules inspection
(1) Whether the distance between the line and the line, the line and the component pad, the line and the through hole, the component pad and the through hole, the through hole and the through hole is reasonable, and whether it meets the production requirements.
(2) Whether the width of the power line and the ground line are appropriate, whether the power supply and the ground line are tightly coupled (low wave impedance), and whether there is a place in the PCB that can widen the ground line.
(3) Whether the best measures have been taken for the key signal line, such as the shortest length, the protection line, the input line and the output line are clearly separated.
(4) Whether there are separate ground wires for the analog circuit and digital circuit part.
(5) Whether the graphics (such as icons, annotations) added to the PCB board will cause signal short circuits. Modify some undesirable line shapes.
(6) Whether there is a process line on the PCB board, whether the solder mask meets the requirements of the production process, whether the solder mask size is appropriate, and whether the character logo is pressed on the device pad, so as not to affect the quality of the electrical equipment.
(7) Whether the outer frame edge of the power ground layer in the multi-layer PCB board is reduced, such as the copper foil of the power ground layer exposed outside the board, which may cause a short circuit.
