PCB Technical - PCB printed circuit board special processing technology

Special processing technologies are non-conventional processes used in the production of printed circuit boards to meet specific needs. These technologies usually involve high-precision, high-complexity processing requirements and are capable of processing circuit boards with special functions or properties, such as high-frequency PCBs, flexible PCBs, and high-density interconnect (HDI) boards.

Major Special Processing Technologies

 1.Microvia Processing Technology

Microvia processing is a key technology in modern PCB manufacturing,mainly used for drilling holes in the circuit board. The technology includes mechanical drilling and laser drilling methods. Laser drilling has gradually become the first choice for processing fine holes due to its high precision and flexibility. The size of microvias is usually below 0.1mm, which can effectively improve the performance and reliability of signal transmission.

2.Shape processing technology

Shape processing technology is mainly a specific shape of the PCB processing, to ensure that the circuit board meets the design requirements. Common shape processing methods include CNC milling and stamping.These technologies can cut large sheets of substrate into specific shapes to meet the needs of different electronic devices, and can maintain high processing accuracy.

3.Surface treatment technology

The surface treatment technology of PCB is aimed at improving solderability and electrical properties and preventing copper from being oxidized. Commonly used surface treatment methods include hot air leveling (HASL), chemical nickel plating / immersion gold (ENIG), and organic solderability protection agent (OSP) and so on. Each technology has its advantages and disadvantages and is suitable for different application scenarios and electronic products.

4.Flex PCB Technology

Flex circuit board technology allows circuit boards to have a certain degree of flexibility after processing, and can be bent, coiled and folded. This technology is adapted to high-density, miniaturized electronic products such as smartphones and wearable devices. The wide application of flexible circuit boards promotes the miniaturization and lightweight design of electronic products.

5.High Frequency Circuit Board Technology

For high-frequency applications,PCB design and processing requires special attention to material selection and structure design to minimize signal loss and interference. High-frequency circuit boards are usually made of low-loss materials and finely processed to meet the requirements of high-frequency signal transmission,which is particularly important in communications and military equipment.

Considerations when choosing printed circuit board processing technology

1.Material Selection

Different substrate materials play a decisive role in the performance and reliability of printed circuit board.When selecting materials,the physical and chemical properties of the material need to be considered, including temperature resistance, electrical insulation, mechanical strength and so on.Common materials such as FR-4 and CEM series are suitable for different types of application requirements. Material selection must meet the specific requirements in the design and industry standards.

2.Equipment Accuracy

The use of high-precision processing equipment is the key to ensuring the quality of PCB processing.The quality of the equipment directly affects the processing accuracy and productivity. For example, the choice of laser light painting machine, laminating machine and high-precision drilling machine is critical to the realization of fine circuit patterns. The selection of advanced equipment can improve productivity and reduce errors, helping to meet the demand for high-precision PCBs.

3.Process Parameter Control

During PCB processing, strict control of process parameters, such as temperature, humidity and processing time, is an important part of ensuring product quality. Improper process parameters may lead to material deformation, impaired conductivity or poor soldering. Therefore, in the selection of processing technology, the need for scientific settings and strict monitoring of relevant process parameters.

4.Process complexity

PCB production process usually involves multiple process steps, including the inner layer production, lamination, drilling, plating, outer layer production, etching and so on. The complexity of these processes will affect the production cycle and cost, in the selection of processing technology, the need for a comprehensive assessment of the time and resources required for each process, in order to optimize the efficiency of the production process.

5.Quality Inspection

Quality inspection after each processing step is an important measure to ensure that the final product meets the design requirements. Choosing appropriate quality control techniques can detect problems at an early stage and avoid causing greater losses at subsequent stages. Quality inspection should cover a variety of aspects such as electrical performance testing, appearance inspection and reliability testing.

6.Environmental Protection

In the PCB processing process,the rational treatment of chemical waste and reduce the impact on the environment is also an important consideration. Increasingly stringent environmental regulations make the enterprise in the choice of processing technology,need to consider the environmental process and material recyclability, in order to meet the requirements of sustainable development.

Selection of special processing technology for printed circuit boards requires comprehensive consideration of materials, equipment precision, process control, process complexity, quality testing and environmental protection and other factors.Through scientific and rational selection and application,these technologies can effectively improve the performance and reliability of PCBs to meet the growing market demand. In the future,the continuous focus on innovative technologies will help companies to maintain an edge in the competition and achieve higher productivity and sustainable development.