PCB News - For 5G to be lively, high-frequency communication must be stepped up

For 5G to be lively, high-frequency communication must be stepped up

PCB manufacturer: Combining short films and lines In recent decades, China's information and communications sector has been growing, and it is now a global leader, which is an undeniable priority. It is undeniable that in the process of development, China's information and communications sector has also experienced many setbacks, and its dramatic expansion has also caused many deficiencies. But in the world, this is a process, and industry will know it. For example, certain key peripherals, high-end chip processors and environmental software are also subject to human reliance on international suppliers.

The Chinese telecommunications sector has long been committed to "learning lessons from its operations", strengthening its strength in the "struggle" of the completely open Red Sea market, and focusing on technology research and development.

And the accumulation of patents In the future, China Telecom should continue to strengthen the foundation of basic research and development on the basis of innovation, especially in key, high-end and basic fields.

They must develop their own abilities or support abilities. With the end of the first complete 3GPP R15, 5G has gone from dream to reality.

There is no doubt that the smooth operation of the 5G Committee cannot be separated from the continuous changes in standards, experience and spectrum, and China will be the world's first network.

In the standard formulation process, China includes the right of speech. Huawei, China Mobile and other Chinese companies have adopted control channel coding, basic network 5G and other important standards.

At the same time, incomplete statistics show that the Chinese occupy more than 30 key positions in the standard 3GPP organization, with more than 23% voting rights, and the number of manuscripts accounted for 30% of the total and the number of major projects.

Representing 40% In terms of research progress, within the framework of the IMT-2020 (5G) Promotion Group, China's 5G technology research and development is making steady progress, and the largest testing ground has been created in Huirou, Beijing.

From a spectrum perspective, China has divided the mid-range and low-frequency spectrum into 5G, and has publicly sought high-frequency (millimeter wave) use projects.

In fact, due to its rich spectrum resources, the high-frequency spectrum is called the "dark horse" 5G by the department.

At the same time, major foreign operators are experimenting on the basis of high-band 5G networks, but the development of China's high-frequency communications still needs to overcome several obstacles.

"The development of China's high-frequency communications still faces many challenges, such as better control of the basic technology of foreign companies' high-frequency equipment, the high cost of high-frequency circuit board equipment, and the uncertainty of high-frequency modes.

"Ma Zhiang, product manager of Rhode and Schwarz, Ma Zhiang, reported to reporters about the "telecommunications industry".

High-frequency 5g "Black Holtz" Generally speaking, the communication industry has a low frequency at a frequency of 3 GHz, a frequency band exceeding 6 GHz, and a high frequency.

Due to the extensive low-frequency coverage and a strong signal in mobile communications before 4G mobile communications, China used low-frequency communications. Spectral resources cover 900 MHz, 900 MHz and 1.8 GHz.

However, this reduces the difficulty of network construction, but also leads to a shortage of low-frequency resources, so it is difficult to meet the needs of building a 5G network.

Therefore, the demand for high-frequency communication is becoming more and more important. However, it should not be forgotten that the high frequency itself also has a more important defect, that is, the degree of slowing is greater, and the diffraction ability is lower.

Therefore, when deploying 5G millimeter-millimeter frequency bands, we must overcome the weaknesses of low penetration and high attenuation, and put forward stricter requirements on 5g communication equipment.

"Immature high-frequency devices are an urgent problem in the development of China's high-frequency communications," experts from China Mobile Communications Research Institute emphasized the same challenges.

Radio frequency devices are the power point. Second, what are the specific problems of high-frequency equipment reported by many experts?

Zhang Ping, a professor at Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, emphasized in an interview with the "Communication Industry Daily" (NET) that the main component of high-frequency communication is radio frequency.

In the RF quota, filters, power amplifiers and other chips must solve the problems of miniaturization and energy consumption; in the back-end RF, digital-to-analog conversion (AD/DC) is the main problem.

"At present, microscopic and high-precision Dac chips are almost dependent on imports.

"He emphasized this.

According to the report, the RF processing unit is mainly divided into four units: F unit, transceiver module, power amplifier and filter module.

The digital data module is used for modulating and demodulating optical transmission, high/down digital conversion, analog-digital conversion, etc., so that the transceiver module completes the RF signal conversion, and then transmits the RF signal through the antenna port.

Through the power amplifier and filter module. Among them, the filter accounts for about 50% of the total cost, which is an important part of the radio frequency.

However, in terms of filters, the main suppliers are Avgo, Qorv, SKKWorld in the United States and TDK, Murata and Solar Induce Power in Japan. China must rely entirely on imports.

In short, an analog-to-digital converter converts an analog signal into a digital signal. These technologies are also mainly in the hands of the United States, Japan, Germany and other countries.

Zhang Ping told reporters that the design level of "A/D" chips and China's production technology are still far behind the international giants, unable to produce substitutes, and relying entirely on imports.

In the era of low-frequency communications, China has not completed a breakthrough in radio frequency chips. In the era of high-frequency communications, the challenge is even more daunting.

"High-frequency communication itself has a great loss, coupled with the 5g large-scale multi-antenna technology (MIMO), which requires higher energy consumption and tiny RF chips, so the requirements for communication equipment are higher."

It is believed that high-frequency broadcasting of radio frequency is a common problem.

Major RF-related companies in the world have begun to research and develop RF chips for high-frequency communication. At present, Botong launched the BCM20138 wave transmitter chip in 2016, which is mainly used for WIW-FI 60GHZ (802.11).

(Ad) And actively implement high-frequency RF equipment to meet the needs of mobile phone networks.

Not a working day, radio frequency is a long-distance race.

"Our country hopes to make a breakthrough in the field of radio communications, and there is still a lot of work to be done." Zhang Ping emphasized this point. In fact, the realization of any technology is not a day’s effort, but requires a lot of technical accumulation.

"The excellent technology abroad is actually the accumulation of hundreds of years, which can be regarded as the legacy of a generation.

For example, digital-to-analog conversion, although very small, requires algorithms. The accumulation time of automatic separation and control AC in China is very short. If we want to catch up with foreign cutting-edge technology, we really need the spirit of craftsmen, a kind of experiment. Room technology.

We have overcome technical obstacles deeply and realistically. At present, among base stations that require limited integration, some manufacturers can provide some products, such as Wuhan Fangu, DAFU Science and Technology.

At the same time, there are some Chinese filter research companies, such as McGee Technology, Changing Precevery, etc. Wangan Fangu introduced a small MIMO-type dielectric filter product at this year's Barcelona exhibition.

It also published new RF technologies for different scenarios to reduce scale, reduce costs and improve performance.

At present, the first complete and complete standard of 5G (3GPP R15) has been frozen, and the departments of 5G companies are developing in an accelerated direction.

Although the unit price of equipment such as digitizers and filters is not high, as the number of basic sites increases, the demand for their products will be high.

Pong King, from Saidi Tank Broadcast Management Research Institute, made two suggestions in an interview with a reporter from the Telecommunications Industry Daily.

First of all, in order to research and develop high-frequency RF equipment 5G, China should divide the spectrum as quickly as possible, thereby promoting the synergy of all parties in the industrial chain, from material selection to chip design to packaging.

Develop high-frequency equipment as soon as possible. We should strengthen open cooperation and make use of the successful technical experience gained abroad.

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