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How to calculate the cost and cost quotation of PCB circuit boards
Presumably many PCB purchasers are at a loss about the changeable PCB prices, even PCB purchasers with many years of experience may not understand the whole story.
There are many factors influencing the price of PCB circuit boards. Due to the fact that PCB board materials, production processes, different difficulties, customer needs, regions, payment methods, PCB manufacturers and other factors constitute the PCB circuit board process costs are different, the following editor will give us a specific introduction :
First, the top of the list, the different materials selected for the PCB circuit board constitute the diversity of the price
Let’s talk about double-sided boards. Sheet materials generally include FR-4, CEM-3, etc. The sheet thickness ranges from 0.6mm to 3.0mm, and the copper thickness varies from ½ Oz to 3 Oz. These sheets constitute a huge cost gap. In terms of solder mask inks, there is a certain price difference between general thermosetting oil and photosensitive green oil, so the difference in materials constitutes the price diversity. About "how to calculate the cost of PCB board?" This article has already explained in detail, we can refer to it if we are interested.
Second, the diversity of the price of different components of the production process selected by the PCB
Different production processes will constitute different costs. For example, gold-plated boards and tin-sprayed boards, the manufacture of gongs (milling) boards and beer (punching) boards, and the selection of silk-printed lines and dry film lines will all constitute different costs, resulting in a variety of prices.
Third, the price diversity of PCB's own difficulty
Even if the materials are the same and the process is the same, the different difficulty of the PCB itself will constitute different costs. For example, there are 1000 holes on two kinds of circuit boards, and the hole diameter of one board is larger than 0.6mm and the hole diameter of the other board is smaller than 0.6mm, which will constitute different drilling costs; for example, the two kinds of circuit boards are the same, but the line width and line spacing are the same. Different, one type is greater than 0.2mm, and one type is less than 0.2mm, which will also constitute different production costs. Due to the higher rejection rate of difficult boards, the cost will inevitably increase, which in turn constitutes the diversity of prices.
Fourth, different customer requirements will also constitute different prices
The level of customer requirements will directly affect the production rate of the board factory. For example, a board according to IPC-A-600E, class1 requires a 98% pass rate, but according to class3 requirements, it may only have a pass rate of 90%, which constitutes a different cost for the board factory., And finally lead to volatile product prices.
Fifth, the price diversity of different components of PCB manufacturers
Even the same product, due to different manufacturers’ process equipment and technical level, will constitute different costs. Nowadays, many manufacturers like to produce gold-plated plates. Because of the simple process and low cost, some manufacturers also produce gold-plated plates., The cost of form has increased, so they would rather produce spray tin plate, so their price of spray tin plate is lower than that of gold plate.
Sixth, price differences caused by different payment methods
At present, PCB board manufacturers generally adjust PCB prices according to different payment methods, with fluctuations ranging from 5% to 10%, which also constitutes a price difference.
Seventh, the diversity of regional prices
At present, in terms of geographic location in China, the price is increasing from south to north. There are certain differences in prices in different regions. Therefore, different regions also constitute the diversity of prices. How to calculate PCB quotation!
1. Plate cost (different plate cost is different)
2. Drilling costs (the number of holes and the size of the diameter affect the drilling costs)
3. Process cost (different process requirements of the board lead to different process difficulties, so that the price will be different)
4. Artificial water and electricity plus management costs (this cost depends on the cost control of each factory, relatively speaking, Taiwan-funded factories are relatively low in many countries). This is the basic composition. As for the price of original materials, it is basically stable now. The possibility of price increases is unlikely.
As far as the plate is concerned: the main factors affecting the price are as follows:
1. Sheet material: FR-4, our common double-sided and multi-layer sheet, its price is also related to the thickness of the board and the thickness of copper and platinum in the middle of the board, and FR-I, CEM-1 are our common single-sided boards. The price of this raw material is also very different from the above double-sided, multi-layer board.
2. It is the thickness of the sheet, and its common thickness is 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.5, 1.6, 2.0, and the thickness and price difference of our conventional sheet is not very large.
3. The thickness of copper and platinum will affect the price. The thickness of copper and platinum is generally divided into: 18um (2/1oz), 35um (1oz), 55um (1.5oz), 70um (2oz), etc.
4. The suppliers of the original materials, we have common and frequently used ones: Shengyi/Jiantao/International and so on.
Process cost:
1. It depends on the circuit on the PCB. If the wire density is thin (below 4/4mm), the price will be calculated separately
2. There is also BGA on the board, so the cost will rise relatively, and in some places, how much is BGA?
3. It depends on the surface treatment process. The common ones we have are: spraying lead tin (hot air leveling), OSP (environmental protection board), spraying pure tin, tin, silver, gold, etc. Of course, the appearance process is different. The price will also be different.
4. It also depends on the process specifications; what we commonly use is: IPC2, but some customers require higher requirements, (such as Japanese) we commonly have: IPC2, IPC3, enterprise standards, military standards, etc., of course, the higher the specification, The price will be higher.
Every PCB sold in the PCB industry is customized by the customer. Therefore, the price of the PCB board needs to be calculated first. At the same time, it is also necessary to refer to the automatic imposition calculation of the PCB accounting machine, and the data utilization rate of the layout on the standard size copper clad laminate Make a comprehensive quotation.
The cost calculation of the PCB industry is the most special and complex of all industries, from cutting, pressing, forming, to FQC, packaging, and finished storage. The requirements are based on the data costs, labor costs, and manufacturing costs invested in each process. Perform step-by-step accounting, and then accumulate costs in batches according to the order product number.
Moreover, different types of products have different standard rates for their processes. Regarding some products, such as blind and buried vias, immersion gold boards, and pressed copper seat boards, some special accounting methods must be selected due to the particularity of the process or all the materials.
In the same way, the size of the drill bit used in the drilling process will also affect the cost of the product, which directly affects the calculation and evaluation of WIP cost and invalidation cost.
In addition, PCB buyers should pay attention to that when selecting PCB board manufacturers, they should not be selected from the price point of view alone, but should be compared to the strength of the PCB manufacturer, approximate product quotations, and service items.
