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PIC microcontroller (Peripheral Interface Controller) is an integrated circuit (IC) used to develop to control peripheral devices. The PIC microcontroller is equivalent to a small computer, a CPU with decentralized (multitasking) functions. Compared with humans, the brain is the CPU, and the shared part of the PIC microcontroller is equivalent to the human nervous system.
PIC microcontroller has the characteristics of simple instruction set, simple and easy to learn, high speed, strong function, low power consumption, low price, small size, good applicability and strong anti-interference ability. It is widely used in automotive electrical control, motor control, and industrial control instruments. And meters, communications, home appliances, toys, low-power measurement and control applications, etc., are more and more popular among designers in China. PIC microcontrollers have computing functions and memory memory like CPUs and are controlled by software. However, the processing power-memory capacity is very limited, depending on the type of PIC microcontroller. But their maximum operating frequency is about 20MHz, and the memory capacity is about 1K-4K bytes for writing programs.
With PIC microcontroller, the circuit can be made compact. Because the PIC microcontroller can integrate the calculation part, memory, input and output, etc. in one chip. So she works very efficiently, functions are freely defined, and can flexibly adapt to different control requirements without having to change different ICs.
The advantages of PIC microcontrollers
1) The biggest feature of PIC microcontrollers is that they do not simply stack functions, but proceed from reality. PCB copy boards attach importance to product performance and price ratio, and rely on the development of multiple models to meet different levels of application requirements. In fact, different applications have different requirements for the functions and resources of the single-chip microcomputer. For example, the igniter of a motorcycle needs a small single-chip microcomputer with less I/O, small RAM and program storage space, and high reliability. If a 40-pin and powerful single-chip microcomputer is used, the investment is large, and it is also easy to use. inconvenient. There are dozens of models in the PIC series from low to high, which can meet various needs. Among them, the PIC12C508 microcontroller has only 8 pins, which is the smallest microcontroller in the world. This model has 512 bytes of ROM, 25 bytes of RAM, an 8-bit timer, an input line, and 5 I/O lines. The market price is 3-6 yuan per person. Such a single-chip microcomputer is undoubtedly very suitable for applications such as motorcycle igniters.
The high-end models of PIC microcontrollers, such as PIC16C74 (not the most high-end model) have 40 pins, and its internal resources are ROM 4K, 192 bytes RAM, 8 A/D, 3 8-bit timers, 2 CCPs Module, three serial ports, 1 parallel port, 11 interrupt sources, 33 I/O pins. Such a model can be comparable to high-end models of other brands.
2) Streamlining instructions greatly improves execution efficiency. The PIC series of 8-bit CMOS microcontrollers have a unique RISC structure. The data bus and the instruction bus are separated from the Harvard bus (Harvard) structure, which makes the instructions have the characteristics of single word length, and allows the number of instruction codes to be more than 8-bit data. Compared with the traditional 8-bit single-chip microcomputer with CISC structure, the circuit board cloning can achieve 2:1 code compression, and the speed is increased by 4 times.
3) Zero time to market. The use of PIC's low-cost OTP chip allows the microcontroller to market the product immediately after the development of its application program.
4) PIC has a superior development environment. The real-time performance of the OTP single-chip microcomputer development system is an important indicator. Most development systems like the ordinary 51 single-chip microcomputer use high-end models to simulate low-end models, and their real-time performance is not ideal. PIC launches a corresponding simulation chip at the same time as a new model. All development systems are supported by a dedicated simulation chip with very good real-time performance. From my personal experience, there has not been a situation where the simulation results are different from the actual running results.
5) Its pins have anti-transient capability, and can be connected to 220V AC power supply through current limiting resistors, and can be directly connected to the relay control circuit without photoelectric coupler isolation, which brings great convenience to the application.
6) Thorough confidentiality. PIC protects the code with a secret fuse. After the user burns the code, the fuse is blown, and others can no longer read it unless the fuse is restored. At present, PIC uses a deep fuse burying process, and the possibility of fuse recovery is extremely small.
